Intestinal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the intestine, sometimes associated with a loss of tissue, resulting in a disruption of intestinal continuity. Cases of congenital intestinal atresia are comparative rare, hence i venture to record the two following cases whic. The intestinal atresia was located in jejunum ileum in 63,6% of the cases, and septic complicatins were frequent. Intestinal atresia definition of intestinal atresia by. The most common cause of nonduodenal intestinal atresia is a vascular accident in utero that leads to decreased intestinal perfusion and ischemia of the respective segment of bowel. Intestinal atresia is a wellrecognized cause of bowel obstruction in the newborn. Intestinal atresia occurs between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 5,000 live births. Of the 277 neonates, 10 had obstruction in more than 1 site. Atresia intestinal, ileo meconial, invaginacion, ovillo parasitario, volvulo, hernia. Intestinal atresia occurs in around 1 in 3,000 births in the united states. Masculine sex was predominant, and vomiting was present in all patients of our study. An atresia is a congenital defect of a hollow viscus that results in complete obstruction of the lumen. The atresia blockage most often occurs along the small intestine divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. During normal fetal development, the intestines remain unobstructed, allowing contents from the stomach to flow freely through the babys digestive tract figure 1.
Otros trastornos obstructivos congenitos del tubo digestivo como. Over a 30year period 1972 to 2001 592 infants with intestinal atresia were identi. Risk stratification in duodenal atresia groups mortality group a 2. The most common form of intestinal atresia is duodenal atresia.
To evaluate the presentation, management, complications and outcome of intestinal atresia ia managed at our center over a period of 1 year. Intestinal atresia is one of the most frequent causes of bowel obstruction in the newborn and can occur at any point in the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal atresia absence of a normal opening is the failure of a portion of the intestinal tract to completely form. Reported survival rates in most of the series from developed countries are 90% or more 24. Intestinal atresia is a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Depending on where the blockage occurs, intestinal atresia may be given a more specific name for example, blockage in the duodenum would be called duodenal atresia. Manual amir enfermeria enfermeria pediatrica 4a edicion. The level of obstruction was duodenal in 8 infants, jejunoileal in 128, and colonic in 21. Among the preoperative complications,bronchopneumonia 42% was the most frequent and the sepsis in newborns was the most frequent postoperative complication 38%. Objective to evaluate the causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, operative management, postoperative care, and outcome in infants with intestinal atresia design retrospective case series setting pediatric tertiary care teaching hospital patients a populationbased sample of 277 neonates with intestinal atresia and stenosis treated from july 1, 1972, through april 30, 1997. Histomorphological features of intestinal atresia and its.
Intestinal obstruction is the common surgical problem in neonates of which intestinal atresia and stenosis contributes one third of cases. Intestinal atresia ahtreezha is a term used to describe a broad spectrum of birth defects that result in a blockage in either the small or large intestine. Malformaciones congenitas digestivas pediatria integral. There are several variants of intestinal atresia which can be located at any portion of the bowel but all of them cause a bowel obstruction which needs an operation to repair. The esophageal atresia was the surgical affecton of highest incidence 28%. Intestinal atresia, however, can be more challenging, especially in the presence of other pathologic abnormalities. Implications of antenatal diagnosis of smallintestinal atresia in the 1990s.
Survival rates and child growth have increased thanks to. The combination of gastroschisis, jejunal atresia, and. Previous reports from nigeria have indicated a high mortality rate. Unidad del paciente cronico complejo pediatrico y rehabilitacion intestinal. The management of neonates with intestinal atresia has improved in recent decades due to refinements in neonatal intensive care, operative technique, use of total parenteral nutrition tpn, and neonatal anesthesia. Implications of antenatal diagnosis of small intestinal atresia in the 1990s. Sep 09, 20 risk stratification in duodenal atresia groups mortality group a 2.
Hospital pediatrico universitario jose luis miranda. Millar aj, rode h, cywes s 2000 intestinal atresia and stenosis. It occurs most frequently in the ileum lower part of the small intestine. Management problems in a developing country article pdf available in pediatric surgery international 201112.
Intestinal atresia is the main cause of obstruction in the digestive tract in newborn. Atresia intestinal abdomen sistema digestivo prueba. Defecto gentico autosmico vomito no biliar y distensin abdominal superior atresia pilorica tratamiento qx. Babies with atresia anywhere along the intestines often develop an enlarged abdomen, have constipation failure to pass stools, and may vomit after feeding. Colonic atresia is the least frequent cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Oct 10, 2016 intestinal atresia ia is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in neonates 1. Demographic data, antenatal history, presenting complaints, location duodenal, jejunoileal, colonic of. It can also occur in the duodenum part of the intestine that empties from the stomach, jejunum second part of the intestine extending from the. Anomalias congenitas atresia lobar segmentaria, enfisema lobar congenito. Intestinal atresia is a congenital present at birth birth defect that develops when part of the intestines are missing or blocked. This has been achieved because of refinements in neonatal intensive care, operative technique, use of total parenteral nutrition tpn, antenatal.
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